Trade Policy

National Treatment
The requirement often included in trade agreements that governments treat the products of foreign firms on an equal basis with those of domestic firms.
Quota: Definition and Meaning
An entry discussing the economic term 'quota,' its various types, implications, and effects on markets and competition.
Peril Point
A point below which any further reduction in a tariff would cause serious damage to a domestic industry.
Scarce Currency Clause
A provision in the original rules of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to address potential scarcity in its currency stocks.
Beggar-my-neighbour Policy
A policy that aims to benefit one country at the expense of others by mitigating economic issues internally, often worsening the issues for trading partners.
Certificate of Origin
A document certifying that a good was produced in a given country, often required in free-trade areas to regulate duty-free entry.
Common External Tariff (CET)
An explanation of the Common External Tariff (CET), a component critical in trade and economic integrations among countries.
Contingent Protection
Instruments of import restriction that are not actually used unless considered necessary, particularly to protect domestic industries from import surges.
Countervailing Duty
A tariff imposed to offset the effects of foreign subsidies, aimed at leveling the playing field for domestic producers.
Economic Policy - Definition and Meaning
A comprehensive overview of economic policy, its components, and analytical frameworks used to regulate economic activity.
Effective Protection
A detailed examination of the concept of effective protection in economics, its definition, historical context, and analytical frameworks.
Export Control
A comprehensive analysis of export controls and their implications in economics.
Free-Trade Zone
An area in a country where national tariffs are exempted to encourage export-oriented industries.
Import Duties Act
The UK Act of Parliament passed in 1932, which imposed a 10 per cent tariff on most items from non-Commonwealth countries, marking the end of the free trade era.
Import Levy
An economic term referring to a tax or duty imposed on imported goods, often used interchangeably with tariff.
Import Licence
A government-issued permit required for the importation of specified goods.
Import Quota
A quantitative limit to imports of certain goods, often implemented to protect domestic industries.
Import Surcharge
A temporary additional tax on imports imposed to address balance-of-payments problems.
Import Tariff
A detailed look at import tariffs, their definition, meaning, and economic implications.
J-Curve
A model illustrating the delayed effects of devaluation on a country's balance of trade.
Local Content - Definition and Meaning
A comprehensive look at the concept of local content in economics, its implications, and applications in trade and investment policies.
Multilateralism
The belief that international economic relations should be conducted on the basis of equal treatment for all non-nationals.
New Protectionism
The revival of protectionism with new strategic and economic arguments aimed at enhancing competitive advantage
Nominal Protection
The proportional price increase in imported goods caused by a tariff rate.
Prohibitive Tariff
A tariff set at a rate so high that no trade in the good concerned can take place.
Protection
An overview of the concept of protection in economics, focusing on trade policies and their impact.
Revenue Tariff
A tariff mainly imposed as a source of government revenue instead of assisting domestic producers.
Rules of Origin
Rules applied in free-trade areas to determine whether goods qualify for duty-free admission.
Trade Diversion
The economics term 'trade diversion,' highlighting its meaning, historical context, and analytical frameworks.
US Trade Representative
An office set up to formulate US trade policy and conduct trade negotiations, forming part of the Executive Office of the President.
Voluntary Export Restraint
An examination of voluntary export restraints (VERs), their purposes, mechanisms, and historical application in international trade.