Risk Management

Co-Insurance
The sharing of risk between the insurer and the insured.
Exposure to Risk - Definition and Meaning
A detailed exploration of the term 'Exposure to Risk,' its definition, historical context, and associated key concepts in economics.
Risk Pooling
Combining two or more risky projects with uncorrelated returns to reduce overall risk dispersion. Crucial in insurance and investment portfolios.
Reinsurance
An economic system where insurers transfer part of their risk to other insurers to minimize potential losses.
Risk Taking - Definition and Meaning
An in-depth exploration of risk taking in economics, including its definitions, historical context, and various analytical frameworks.
Arbitrageur
Exploring the definition and meaning of an arbitrageur in economics, including its contexts and implications.
Basel Agreement
International risk-based capital adequacy standards established for banks in 1988 by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.
Black Swan
A rare, unforeseen event with significant impact, as articulated by Nassim Nicholas Taleb.
Capital Adequacy
Overview of capital adequacy and its significance in financial regulation and economic stability
CAPM - Definition and Meaning
Comprehensive entry defining the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in financial economics.
Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT)
An in-depth understanding of the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), a leading futures and options exchange.
Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO)
A form of structured financial security backed by a portfolio of bonds or loans, segmented by varying levels of risk known as tranches.
Counter-Party Credit Risk
The risk associated with the possibility that a counter-party in a financial transaction may default on their obligations.
Cover in Economics
The protection against risk provided by an insurance policy, including its limitations and coverage extents.
Credit Default Swap
A financial instrument providing insurance against the risk of default on debt instruments.
Deductibles
The part of any insured loss which has to be borne by the insured party; also known as an excess in the UK.
Diversification
A comprehensive examination of diversification in economics, including its definitions, frameworks, case studies, and related terms.
Forward Contract
A type of contract where the price for commodities, securities, or currencies is agreed to be delivered at a future date.
Futures Contract
A contract to buy or sell a good, share, or currency on a future date, at a price decided when the contract is entered into.
Hedging - Definition and Meaning
An exploration of hedging, a strategy to manage and mitigate financial risk in business activities.
Insurance
The use of contracts to reduce and redistribute risk.
Junk Bonds
A comprehensive look at junk bonds, including their definitions, historical context, and significance within various economic frameworks.
Life Insurance
A comprehensive look at life insurance, its definition, historical context, various economic frameworks, and its applications.
Loan Portfolio
The collection of loans held as assets by a financial institution, designed to spread risk and maintain profitability.
minimax
The objective in decision theory of minimizing the maximum loss.
Off-Balance-Sheet Finance
A financial practice where businesses use lease agreements to control assets without incorporating them into the balance sheet.
Portfolio
A collection of different assets owned by an individual or a firm, designed for risk reduction and optimizing liquidity.
Portfolio Selection
The choice of proportions in different assets to maximize expected benefit from a given stock of wealth.
Precautionary Motive
The motive to hold money to provide for the unexpected. See also demand for money.
Put Option
A contractual agreement giving the right, but not the obligation, to sell an asset at a predetermined price on a specified future date.
Risk Aversion
The preference for a certain pay-off rather than a risky pay-off with the same expected value in economic decision-making.
Risk Avoidance
Definition and Meaning of Risk Avoidance in Economics
Risk Management
Elimination or mitigation of negative consequences of risk through identification, analysis, and strategic measures.
Risk Reduction
A strategy aimed at mitigating the damage resulting from or the likelihood of the occurrence of an unfavourable outcome of a risky activity.
Risk Retention
Acceptance of the favourable or unfavourable outcome of a risky activity
Secured Loan
A loan where the creditor has a claim on some particular part of the debtor’s assets in the event of default.
Settlement Risk
The risk that other parties may fail to fulfill their side of bargains causing potential losses.
Short Position
A detailed analysis of the concept of a short position in economics, particularly in the context of securities and futures markets.
Syndicated Loan
A loan provided by a syndicate of banks or other lending institutions.
Systematic Risk
Understanding systematic risk in economic terms, its impacts, and analytical frameworks.
Third-Party Insurance: Definition and Meaning
An in-depth look at third-party insurance, its significance, and its variations across different regions.
Yield Spread
The difference between the yields on two bonds, which may vary by maturity, issuer risk characteristics, principal amount, or coupon payments.
Speculator
An individual or firm engaging in risk-taking to achieve expected profits, leveraging superior market information or risk tolerance.