Environmental Economics

Carbon Leakage
An increase in global greenhouse gas emissions due to the relocation of businesses from countries with strict environmental policies to those with lenient policies.
Emission Taxes
A comprehensive overview of emission taxes, their objectives, frameworks, and implications in economic contexts.
Emissions
Substances given off by human activities or productive processes, which may have adverse external effects.
Abatement
Reduction in amount, degree, or intensity of an activity, particularly in reference to emissions and pollutants.
abatement cost
The cost associated with reducing pollution levels from both production and consumption activities.
Biodiversity Index
A comprehensive guide to understanding the biodiversity index, its significance, and its application in economics.
Carbon Sink
A natural or artificial system that absorbs more carbon dioxide (CO2) from the environment than it releases, serving as a tool to combat global warming.
Carbon Tax
A tax on carbon dioxide emissions designed to correct an environmental negative externality.
Chlorofluorocarbons
Non-toxic chemicals that have been historically used in refrigeration and aerosols, known to deplete the ozone layer.
Climate Change
A significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of meteorological elements, calculated for different periods but relating to the same area.
Common Access Resource
A comprehensive overview and analysis of common access resources, their characteristics, and their economic implications.
Contingent Valuation
A method used to obtain an economic valuation of a non-market good such as the natural environment.
Convention on Biological Diversity
An international agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, initiated by the United Nations Environment Programme.
Double-Dividend Hypothesis
Exploring the double-dividend hypothesis, which argues that environmental taxes can simultaneously reduce negative externalities and provide fiscal benefits.
Effluent Charge
A fee or tax on polluting discharges into the environment, aimed at environmental restoration or discouraging pollutant emissions.
Emission Permit
A permit that allows the holder to emit pollution up to a specified level, playing a vital role in pollution control and emissions trading.
Energy Tax
A tax on the consumption of energy from fossil fuels, aimed at conserving non-renewable energy resources and mitigating global warming.
Green GDP
A measure of gross domestic product (GDP) that takes into account degradation of the environment.
Green Taxes
Exploring Green Taxes: Fiscal policies aimed at mitigating environmental impact through taxation.
Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse gases are pivotal atmospheric constituents that trap heat, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming.
Marginal Cost of Abatement
An exploration of the marginal cost of abatement and its implications in economic theory and environmental regulation.
Mitigation
Policies and actions aimed at limiting the extent of global warming primarily by reducing the level of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere.
Montreal Protocol
An international agreement reached in 1987 to reduce the production and consumption of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halon, substances which deplete the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere.
Natural Assets
An examination of natural assets, encompassing natural resources such as land, water, air, biosphere, ecosystem, and minerals.
Ozone Layer
A comprehensive overview of the ozone layer, its significance, risks from depletion, and global regulatory measures like the Montreal Protocol.
Permit to Pollute
An entry on 'Permit to Pollute', explaining its definition, purpose, and economic implications within pollution control frameworks.
Polluter Pays Principle
The principle that requires the polluting party to bear the costs associated with mitigating pollution, in line with the damage caused to society or the level of pollution exceeding acceptable standards.
Pollution
Damage to the environment by the emission of noxious substances, impacting air, water, and land surfaces.
Pollution Control
Methods and policies to reduce pollution including taxation, quantitative restrictions, and alternative technologies.
Pollution Rights
A government-issued permit that entitles a firm to emit a specified quantity of pollution.
Pollution Standards
An examination of pollution standards—regulated limits on pollutants as imposed by governments.
Rainforest - Definition and Meaning
A comprehensive exploration of the term 'rainforest,' including its economic and environmental significance.
Renewable Resources
Natural or man-made resources that are replenishable at least as fast as they are consumed or used up
Smog: Definition and Meaning
A comprehensive examination of smog, its causes, historical significance, and its classification as a negative externality.