An economic situation where beneficial activities do not take place due to a lack of coordination between involved parties.
The exclusive legal right to reproduce and authorize the reproduction of artistic, dramatic, literary, or musical works.
Definition and meaning of 'core' in economic geography and global development.
A measure of inflation of consumer prices excluding certain volatile items.
A comprehensive entry exploring the meaning and implications of a corner solution in economic analysis.
A comprehensive examination of corporate income tax, including its meaning, context, and major theoretical frameworks.
Part of the economy involving companies working for private profit
A comprehensive look at corporations, defining their significance, historical context, and analytical frameworks in economics
An overview of corporation tax, its historical evolution, and different theoretical perspectives.
A comprehensive overview of the correlation coefficient as an economic term including its definition and applications.
An overview and analysis of the discipline of cost accounting, which focuses on the measurement and assessment of economic activities' costs.
A detailed analysis of cost curves in economics, including their definitions and implications.
The minimum cost of producing a given output level expressed as a function of input prices.
A comprehensive analysis of cost inflation in economics.
The rate of return an enterprise must offer to induce investors to provide capital, including debt and equity components.
An index of the cost of maintaining a given standard of living
The total cost to an economy of adopting protectionist trade policies.
An in-depth exploration of cost-benefit analysis, including definition, historical context, and its application in various economic frameworks.
The achievement of results in the most economical way, assessing efficiency by resource utilization at the lowest possible cost.
A pricing strategy where the price equals measured costs plus an agreed percentage mark-up for profit, often criticized for lacking cost control incentives.
An economic concept where the general price levels in an economy rise due to increased costs of production, often leading to declines in the purchasing power of money.
Definition and Meaning of Cost, Insurance, and Freight (c.i.f.)
The value of the inputs needed to produce any good or service, measured in specific units, commonly money.
A tariff imposed to offset the effects of foreign subsidies, aimed at leveling the playing field for domestic producers.
An exploration of the concept of covariance in economic data.
A comprehensive look at the definition, significance, and analytical frameworks associated with the covariance matrix in economics.
Understanding the concept of covariance stationary process in time-series analysis, including its definition, historical development, and analytical frameworks in economics.
The protection against risk provided by an insurance policy, including its limitations and coverage extents.
Exploration of the concept of Covered Interest Parity and its relevance in Economics and Finance.
A model of economic growth driven by quality-improving innovations that make old technologies or products obsolete.
The process by which banks collectively create loans in excess of the base money they receive.
The theory that business cycles are caused by fluctuations in credit
An assessment of the probability that an individual, firm, or country will be able and willing to pay its debts.
Non-price restriction of loans where lenders do not provide loans to all applicants willing to pay the interest rate demanded.
Understanding the concept of credit standing and its implications in economics.
A financial institution run as a cooperative, owned and controlled by its members.
A firm that assesses and provides ratings on the creditworthiness of individuals or companies.
A country with positive net foreign assets, indicating its external financial strength.
The balance-sheet item showing debts owing to others, divided between payments due in under a year and other debts.
The opinion of potential lenders about the safety of loans to any particular borrower.
A key term in statistical hypothesis testing representing the value at which the null hypothesis is rejected at a given significance level.
A measure of the responsiveness of the quantity demanded for one good when the price of another good changes.
Exploring the relationship between the demand for one good and the price of a different good, through the lens of cross-price elasticity
An economic concept where profits from certain goods or services are used to subsidize the losses incurred on other goods or services.
The economic phenomenon where an increase in public sector spending may reduce private sector spending.
The concept of cumulative distribution function (CDF) in probability and its key properties.
Comprehensive entry discussing the concept, definition, and context of 'Currency' in economics, especially in international trade.
Replacement of a currency by a new one to address various economic issues such as inflation or financial regulation.
The risk that changes in exchange rates will affect the profitability of overseas activities and commitments.
A comprehensive overview of the economics term 'current account,' including its definition, historical context, and analytical frameworks.
Understanding the concept of current account deficit in a country's balance of payments
An excess of receipts over expenditure on the current account in a country’s balance of payments.
Definition and analysis of current assets, frequently turned over in business operations and distinguished from fixed assets.
An explanation of the current-weighted index, better known as the Paasche index, including its definition, significance, and comparative analysis with other economic indices.
The UK tax authority responsible for collecting indirect taxes, including customs duties, before merging with HM Revenue in 2005 to form HM Revenue and Customs.
Exploring the concept of cuts in expenditure, particularly in the context of government spending
An in-depth exploration of cyclical processes in economics, encompassing various types such as business cycles, credit cycles, and more.
A calculation of what the government's budget deficit would be under normal economic conditions, assuming stable rules and rates for spending and taxes.
A calculation of what the Public Sector Borrowing Requirement (PSBR) would be at a normal level of economic activity.
A loan made for one business day, the shortest term loan that earns interest. Also known as overnight money.
A measure of the welfare loss due to market inefficiencies, often resulting from monopolies or government taxation.
A comprehensive overview of the term 'dealing' with special attention to exclusive and insider dealings.
Explanation of the economic term 'dear money,' involving high interest rates and their impacts on borrowing.
The cost of servicing debt and its implications for individuals, businesses, and governments.
An analysis of the term 'debt crisis' in economic contexts, including historical instances and theoretical frameworks.
A comprehensive analysis and understanding of the economic term 'Debt Deflation'
The management of the debt of a company or government to minimize costs and ensure liquidity.
An agreement by creditors to accept reduced or postponed debt payments.
The payments due under a debt contract, including interest and redemption payments.
The ratio of a country’s debt service payments to its total export earnings, typically expressed as a percentage.
A firm specializing in the collection of debts on behalf of other firms.
Overview of the concept and implications of debt in economics
An overview of debtors, their composition, and their accounting classification.
The dispersal of the power and duty to take decisions away from the center and towards other bodies.
A graphical representation of the choices in a decision-making process, consisting of nodes, branches, and endpoints.
Accounting method for the depreciation of assets with a fixed annual percentage reduction
Understanding the concept and implications of Decreasing Returns to Scale in economics
The part of any insured loss which has to be borne by the insured party; also known as an excess in the UK.
Understanding the economic implications and nuances of defence spending, also known as military spending, by governments.
An in-depth exploration of deferred shares, their definitions, and underlying economic principles.
Provision of a pension scheme where contributions are fixed and benefits are determined by the pension fund accumulated
Economics term referring to a progressive reduction in the price level.
An index used to adjust nominal data to real data by removing or accounting for inflation effects, typically in the context of GDP calculations.
Definition and analysis of the concept of degrees of freedom in economics and statistics
The tendency for the industrial sector to account for a decreasing proportion of gross domestic product and employment.
An overview of the concept of demand in economics, encompassing its definition, historical context, analytical frameworks, and case studies.
A graph relating demand for a good or service to its price, with key influences held constant.
A comprehensive overview of the demand for money in economics, including its motives and factors.
A comprehensive overview of the concept of demand function including its definition, historical context, major analytical frameworks, and case studies.
An in-depth look into demand inflation, its causes, concepts, and impact on the economy.
The use of monetary and fiscal policy to influence the level of aggregate real effective demand in the economy.
Analysis of demographic unemployment and its impact on the labor market.
The withdrawal from a currency or precious metal of its acceptance as a form of money. Gold was demonetized as an international currency in 1971 by the Group of Seven governments.
Definition and meaning of the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform
Analysis of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS)
A situation where welfare provision leads many people to depend permanently on state handouts and to drop out of the labour market.
An exploration of the dependency ratio, its significance, and its implications in various economic frameworks.
Definition and meaning of a deposit account, a financial term linked to fixed-term deposits with notice requirements, primarily used in the UK.
