A foreign bank with a branch or subsidiary operating in the UK.
Insights into the concept of overseas investment and its implications in economics.
A type of current-weighted index used to measure price or quantity changes over time.
An economic measure weighted by current period quantities used to compare the cost of a basket of goods/services over different time periods.
The part of a company's authorized capital that has actually been paid by shareholders.
An economic paradox that illustrates how an increase in the ex ante propensity to save can lead to a decrease in ex post savings and investment in a depressed economy.
Understanding the Pareto Distribution in Economics
A comprehensive examination of Pareto efficiency and its implications in economic allocation
A group of officials from major creditor countries that provide financial services to debtor countries.
An overview of partial adjustment in economic decision-making, including its rationale and implications.
The percentage of the population in any given age group who are economically active.
An in-depth look at a business structure where more than one owner operates a business, with shared responsibilities and liabilities.
An attitude or policy approach favoring control over people's actions for their perceived good.
Explanation of path dependence in economic processes and its implications.
An in-depth analysis of the concept of pay freeze, applications in various economic frameworks, historical context, and case studies.
A comprehensive look at the concept of pay-off matrix in game theory.
A list of those employed by a given firm, or the amount paid to them.
An externality that is felt through prices rather than quantities, accompanying phenomena like immigration affecting labor markets.
An analytical examination of a forecast deficit in pension systems primarily in developed countries due to demographic and social changes.
Definition and meaning of pension rights in economics
Definition and meaning of a pension scheme, a retirement plan managed by individual companies, different schemes, and funding mechanisms.
The age at which a pension becomes payable, either from the state or an occupational pension scheme. It varies by occupation, country, and sometimes by gender.
An exploration of the concept of per capita income, its calculation methods, frameworks, and implications.
A comprehensive overview of per capita real GDP, including its calculation, significance, and role in economic analysis.
Definition and meaning of the term 'Percentile' in economics.
An idealized market condition where all buyers and sellers are price-takers with full symmetry of information.
Definition and meaning of a perfect market in economics
A meticulous exploration of the concept of Perfect Substitute in economics, meaning and implications.
An economic term describing an outlying region of an economy characterized by poor communications and sparse population, contributing to its relative lack of prosperity.
The component of lifetime income that is anticipated and planned by a consumer.
A method to estimate a country’s total capital stock by accounting for past real investments and depreciation.
Definition of persistence and its significance in time series analysis, particularly focusing on serial correlation or autocorrelation.
Personal income after deduction of income tax and social security payments.
A comprehensive definition and analysis of the Personal Investment Authority (PIA)
The part of the economy consisting of households, unincorporated businesses, life assurance and pension funds, and private non-profit-making bodies.
An in-depth analysis of the Peso Crisis, its origins, and implications on the global economy.
The currency of a country heavily dependent on oil exports. The exchange rate of a petro-currency is strongly influenced by the world price of oil.
Capital in the form of physical goods, including fixed capital, stocks, and work in progress.
An exploration of the meaning, relevance, and implications of phytosanitary measures in economics and trade.
A tax levied to correct market failures caused by externalities.
Overview and economic implications of planned investment.
The amount that individuals, firms, or governments plan to save.
Exploring the concept of planning within the context of land-use, examining its function, historical significance, and different economic perspectives on the subject.
An international agreement on economic policies aimed at depreciating the US dollar.
The system of financing investment in firms by retaining profits
The ratio of a proportional change in one variable to that of another, measured at a specific point.
A policy measure under the control of the monetary or fiscal authorities.
An analysis of the theory that governments manipulate the economy for political advantage, leading to specific economic fluctuations.
An exploration of political economy, its historical context, and major analytical frameworks.
An extensive analysis of Ponzi schemes, including historical context, definitions, major analytical frameworks, and case studies.
An equilibrium where agents with differing characteristics choose the same action, common in markets such as insurance.
A good whose value to consumers depends on its desirability ranking or relative consumption by others.
A financial saving system provided by post offices, offering secure saving options for the public.
The revised belief or distribution of a parameter in Bayesian econometrics obtained through Bayesian updating.
Understanding potential competition and its implications in economics
A measure of the productive capacity of an economy considering stable inflation and the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment.
Definition and meaning of the term 'Pound' in economics, including its uses and contexts.
Inability to afford an adequate standard of consumption. Variations in definition over countries and time.
An income level supposed to be just enough to avoid less-than-adequate consumption.
In statistical inference, the probability that a test will reject the false null hypothesis.
The profits of a company or unincorporated business before deduction of relevant income or corporation taxes.
The motive to hold money to provide for the unexpected. See also demand for money.
An estimator of the value of the dependent variable given by the estimated regression equation
A detailed overview of the economic concept of preference revelation and its implications.
A company share which carries no vote, but ranks before ordinary shares for dividends.
A formal description and analysis of prescriptive statements, their implications in economics, and comparison with other economic statements.
Definition and explanation of present discounted value (PDV), a core concept in economics used to determine the current value of future payments or cash flows.
An explanation and analysis of the term 'price' and its significance in economic theory and practice.
The setting of maximum or minimum prices by law to regulate markets.
A comprehensive exploration of the 'price effect' in consumer theory understanding consumption variations due to changes in commodity prices.
An agreement between two or more firms about the prices they will charge, which is considered anti-competitive and is forbidden by legislation in many countries.
A comprehensive entry on the concept of price floors in economics, covering its definitions, historical context, major analytical frameworks, and more.
An index number representing the average of prices of goods in a given category.
A firm whose price changes tend to be followed by other sellers in its markets.
The general level of prices in an economy, measured by retail price index or GDP deflator.
An analysis of how prices function in a market economy to convey information, provide incentives, make choices, and allocate resources.
A comprehensive overview of price reform in transition economies, its impacts, frameworks, and historical significance.
The extent and frequency of price fluctuations over time, quantified as the standard deviation of log returns.
Charging low prices to harm competitors’ profits in a competitive market scenario.
A comprehensive look at the term Price-Maker and its implications in economics.
Information about a company that, if publicly known, could affect its share price.
A firm that sets the price of a good or security, typically possessing some degree of monopoly power.
An individual or firm trading on a market where they do not believe that their own transactions will affect the market price.
An in-depth exploration of the price–earnings ratio, its significance, and its application in evaluating company stocks.
Overview and analysis of government attempts to control prices and incomes directly.
Pricing refers to the method organizations use to set the prices for their products or services. Detailed frameworks include average cost pricing, cost-plus pricing, full cost pricing, limit pricing, marginal cost pricing, peak-load pricing, and transfer pricing.
Exploration of the definition, historical context, and economic frameworks of primary commodities
The sector of an economy making direct use of natural resources including agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and extraction of oil and gas.
An explanation of the term 'principal' in economic and business contexts, including the principal-agent relationship.
An analytical technique for dimensionality reduction in multivariable datasets through identifying principal components.
The dilemma of motivating an agent to act on behalf of a principal when both parties follow their own self-interests.
A two-player game illustrating the conflict between private and social incentives, and the importance of binding commitments.
The benefit arising to a single individual from an economic activity.
Definition and exploration of the term 'private enterprise' and its implications in the economic and political spheres.
Definition and meaning of the term 'private good' in economics
Things which the law recognizes as belonging exclusively to particular individuals or organizations, contrasted with government-owned and public things.
Private sector balance is the excess of savings over investment spending by the private sector, forming a crucial part of national income accounting identities.
A detailed overview of probability distributions, their definitions, and relevance in various economic frameworks.
Definition and explanation of process innovation in Economics
