Definition and meaning of wage rates measured in monetary terms
The process of checking whether individuals or firms are actually behaving as they should.
A UK body appointed to investigate monopolies, mergers, and anti-competitive practices referred to it by certain authorities.
A market structure characterized by many firms selling differentiated products where each firm has some degree of market power but no long-term economic profit.
An overview of government policy towards monopolies, including motivations, strategies, and approaches.
The observation that a contract promising payment for certain events changes behavior to increase the likelihood of these events.
Definition and meaning of a firm that operates two or more plants, either as branches or through subsidiary companies.
A Firm Which Produces Multiple Types of Products
The existence of more than one solution to the equations describing the equilibrium of an economic model.
An overview of multiple regression, its definition, and its significance in economics.
An economics term relating an initial change in spending to the total change in economic activity which results.
An examination of the multiplier–accelerator model, which explains economic fluctuations through the interaction of the multiplier and the accelerator.
An exploration of statistical techniques used to analyze more than one variable simultaneously.
The N-firm concentration ratio is the proportion of total market output produced by the N largest firms in an industry. It measures the degree of monopolization of a market.
The practice of short-selling a stock without borrowing or ensuring the shares can be borrowed, often resulting in 'fail to deliver'.
Understanding the narrow-band framework within the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) of the European Monetary System.
An exploration of the Nash equilibrium, a fundamental concept in game theory, including its definitions, historical context, major frameworks, and applications.
An in-depth understanding of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), its historical perspective, key contributions, and influence on economic analysis.
Understanding the concept of national debt, its implications, and analytical frameworks.
The total income of residents of a country, measured at factor cost after deducting capital consumption and excluding transfer payments.
The comprehensive measure of a country's income generated by its residents' factors of production, including income from factors operating abroad.
An overview of National Savings Bonds, a financial product backed by the UK government.
The process of bringing resources and activities formerly operated by private businesses or local organizations under government ownership and control.
An industry whose ownership has been taken over by the state
An examination of natural experiments, which leverage exogenous changes to estimate the effects of a policy or variable shift.
A comprehensive overview of the concept of natural monopoly in economics, its implications, and the historical context surrounding it.
An examination of the natural rate of unemployment, its definition, historical context, and analytical frameworks in various economic schools of thought.
Exploring natural resources as factors of production including land, minerals, water, and sea resources.
Conditions that define the relationship between cause and effect in economic propositions, explaining when a condition must be met, and when its fulfillment guarantees an outcome.
An analysis of economic activity based on rational preferences, utility maximization by consumers, profit maximization by firms, and decision-making under constraints.
An integration of neoclassical microeconomics and Keynesian macroeconomics.
Comprehensive overview of the economic term 'net,' its various contexts, and implications.
Comprehensive overview and analysis of net capital formation in economics.
An overview of Net Domestic Product, its definition, historical context, and its implications in various economic frameworks.
The value of the incomes produced by factors of production owned by residents of a country, both domestically and abroad, measured after deducting capital consumption.
An entry about the Net Present Value (NPV) concept in economics, explaining its significance and calculation.
Definition and meaning of Net Profit, including contexts and associated economic frameworks
Definition and Meaning of Net Tangible Assets
An analysis of net transfer income from abroad, focusing on its definition, significance, and implications in economics.
The net value of an organization’s assets after deducting any liabilities, taking into account the reliability of asset valuation.
Definition and meaning of net yield, with context and comparative analysis within different economic frameworks.
A group of consumers whose utility from consuming certain goods or services increases as additional consumers also purchase the same goods and services.
Understanding network externalities and their impact on economic systems.
Comprehensive overview and analysis of the term 'New Issues' within the context of economics.
The revival of protectionism with new strategic and economic arguments aimed at enhancing competitive advantage
Analysis of the definition, historical context, and significance of Newly Industrialized Countries within the global economic framework.
A mechanism for determining the general price level in an economy to ensure credible price stability.
The proportional price increase in imported goods caused by a tariff rate.
Understanding the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment and its implications in economic models.
Income derived from sources other than the direct supply of one's labor, encompassing various forms such as capital gains, dividends, interest, and transfer payments.
An exploration of economic activities that produce goods and services not distributed through an open market system.
The branch of statistics concerned with non-parametric statistical models.
Exploring the concept and implications of non-performing debt in the economic landscape
Competition for market share using methods other than price cuts.
An analysis of non-profit organizations, their meaning, functions, and historical significance.
A comprehensive overview of non-systematic risk, also known as idiosyncratic risk.
A stochastic process whose statistical properties change over time.
Definition and meaning of the term 'norm' in the context of economics.
Definition of normal distribution in the context of economics and statistical analysis.
Definition of normal distribution in the context of economics and statistical analysis.
An overview of the term 'normal equations' in the context of econometrics and least squares estimation.
A good whose consumption increases with income, encompassing both necessities and luxuries based on income elasticities of demand.
The predictable loss of value of an asset due to inevitable factors like wear and tear or the passage of time.
An exploration of normative economics, its definitions, and major analytical frameworks.
An economic term used in cooperative game theory to refer to a configuration of pay-offs that minimizes the maximum dissatisfaction among coalitions.
Understanding the concept of the null hypothesis in statistical inference.
A good used as the standard of value for other goods, with its price defined to be one.
Loss of value of an asset and related concepts in economics.
The locus of trading plans traced out as relative prices vary, reflecting optimal consumption or trade plans.
An independent agency created in 2010 to provide authoritative analysis of the UK’s public finances.
The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) was the UK government body responsible for administering competition policy from 1973 to 2014.
Relocation of business to a foreign country, typically to reduce costs or enter a new market.
A situation in which there is a sudden fall in the availability and/or a large increase in the price of oil.
The dynamics and implications of the price of bulk oil, typically quoted in US dollars per barrel.
The relationship between unemployment and real output in cyclical fluctuations.
A comprehensive overview of the economic term 'oligopoly', exploring its definition, historical context, and major analytical frameworks.
A market characterized by a small number of buyers, where each buyer's decisions affect the others.
A detailed analysis of the term 'Open Economy' within economics, including major frameworks and comparative analysis.
A detailed exploration of what constitutes an 'Open Position' in trading and its implications.
An exploration of the bid and offer prices quoted when stock or commodity markets open at the beginning of a working day.
The application of mathematical and statistical methods to practical business problems.
The tendency for one party in a bargain to attempt to change the terms in their favour once the other party has committed itself.
A measure of economic confidence based on survey responses about economic and personal financial conditions.
In economics, the choice from all possible uses of resources of that which gives the best result.
The value of orders received but not yet carried out by firms, usually in construction and engineering sectors.
An examination of the order-driven market system where intermediaries match buy and sell orders.
A detailed examination of ordinal utility, meaning and its representation in economic theory.
An analysis and understanding of the organized sector within an economy.
A statistical term referring to an observation that significantly deviates from the rest of the data.
An asset in the economy that is not a liability for anyone else, commonly applied to gold coinage rather than bank balances.
The practice of buying goods and services from outside suppliers rather than producing them within a firm.
Production levels in a firm or an industry that exceed its conventionally calculated capacity.
Over-valued currency - a currency whose exchange rate is too high for a sustainable equilibrium in the balance of payments
An analysis of the overlapping generations economy, a discrete-time dynamic economic model where individual agents have finite lives but exist across multiple periods.
