Accounting convention assuming first-use of oldest materials in stock.
An auction format where sealed bids are submitted, and the highest bidder wins the item at their bid price.
The aim of devising a fiscal system which does not cause distortions in the economy.
The use of taxation and government spending to influence the economy.
An entry on the concept of fiscal stance, examining its meaning, historical context, analytical frameworks, and comparative analysis.
A policy of increased public spending and lower taxation intended to provide an immediate boost to economic activity.
A phenomenon describing a one-for-one change in the nominal interest rate in response to the change in the inflation rate
An overview of the fixed coefficient production function, a type of production function where inputs must be combined in fixed proportions.
An in-depth look at fixed costs, their definitions, and implications in various economic frameworks.
Definition and analysis of fixed-interest securities in economics.
An overview of the flexible exchange rate, commonly known as the floating exchange rate.
Defines flexible prices and explores their role in economic markets.
An economic model in which quantities are fixed in the short run, and prices adjust faster than quantities.
The lowest price that a commodity stabilization scheme is intended to allow.
The process of making shares in a company available for sale to the investing public.
An examination of the Folk Theorem in the context of game theory, defining its significance and implications as established in economics.
The guarantee of continuous access to sufficient food to meet human nutritional and health needs.
Documents issued to poor families in the US under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) to entitle them to obtain free or cut-price foodstuffs.
An exploration into the acquisition of real assets across borders by residents, entities, or governments.
A comprehensive exploration of the term 'Foreign Exchange,' its definition, significance, contexts in economics, and relevant analytical frameworks.
An overview of foreign exchange control in economics, including its definitions, historical context, and major analytical frameworks.
Comprehensive overview of foreign exchange markets, encapsulating key concepts, historical context, major analytical frameworks, comparative analysis, and suggested readings.
An examination of the concept, historical development, and analytical frameworks of foreign exchange rates in economics.
Liquid assets held by a country's government or central bank for the purpose of intervening in the foreign exchange market.
Contracts for the future delivery of a commodity, financial asset, or financial index.
The process by which a company acquires or merges with downstream activities in its value chain.
Engagement of economic agents in planning and expectations based on future projections and policy changes.
The policy of using the foreign exchange rate as an inflation anchor, primarily focusing on the experience of France and Belgium in the 1980s and early 1990s.
Exploring the system of franchising, including its definitions, major frameworks, and historical context.
An economy where production and consumption decisions are made by individuals and companies with minimal government regulation.
The concept of free entry in economics and its implications for market competition.
A detailed entry exploring the concept of 'free lunch' in economics, including its historical context, definitions, and implications.
A seaport or airport where national tariffs are not levied to encourage entrepôt trade.
Definition and meaning of the term 'free rider' in economics.
A comprehensive overview of the concept of a free-market economy, where economic activity is organized through free markets without central direction.
An in-depth look at free-trade agreements, their historical context, analytical frameworks, and case studies
A comprehensive look into the concept of a free-trade area, its definitions, frameworks, and impacts.
An overview explaining the concept of 'Frequency Distribution' in economics, its historical context, and its role in various analytical frameworks.
An approach in time series econometrics used to analyze the properties and characteristics of a stochastic process using its spectral density.
An explanation of frictional unemployment, its definitions, historical context, and analytical frameworks in economics.
Overview and analysis of friendly societies as non-profit financial institutions in the UK
A fee charged at the onset of an investment, typically as a percentage of the initial investment amount.
A method of pricing that covers average costs at normal production levels with an added conventional mark-up.
A level of real gross domestic product consistent with full employment.
The condition of the balance of payments under which the original rules of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) allowed countries to devalue their currencies.
Definition and meaning of fundamentals in microeconomic theory
The process of converting government debt from short-term to long-term forms in economic contexts.
A market organization where futures contracts for commodities, shares, or currencies are traded, committing parties to buy or sell at a predetermined future date and price.
The improvement in welfare resulting from countries trading with one another as opposed to a position of autarchy.
Definition and in-depth analysis of the term 'gambling' in economics
A comprehensive overview of the Gauss–Markov Theorem, emphasizing its statistical and econometric significance.
Reneging by the seller of a property on an agreement to sell due to a higher offer by an alternative buyer.
An in-depth look at the GDP deflator, a price index used to assess real changes in gross domestic product.
A comprehensive rule aimed at preventing abusive tax avoidance through tax code provisions.
The state in which multiple markets in an economy are simultaneously in equilibrium.
The state in which multiple markets in an economy are simultaneously in equilibrium.
An exploration of the concept of general human capital in economics
An in-depth overview of the General Lifestyle Survey (GLF), its history, components, and significance in UK socio-economic data collection.
A detailed examination of the geometric distribution in the field of economics and probability
An infinite lag model where coefficients on lagged variables decline geometrically, often used in modeling adaptive expectations.
A tax imposed on gifts transferred between living individuals, as opposed to transfers of wealth by inheritance.
An in-depth look at gilt-edged securities, which are fixed-interest securities issued by the UK government.
definition and discussion of the Gini coefficient, its calculation methodologies, and its implications in economic analysis
definition and discussion of the Gini coefficient, its calculation methodologies, and its implications in economic analysis
Natural assets that are outside national jurisdiction such as the oceans, ozone layer, and the Antarctic. Informally, the term is used to refer to a wide variety of environmental resources.
A global public good is a public good that provides non-excludable and non-rival benefits on a worldwide scale.
A comprehensive overview of the term 'globalization' within the context of economics, detailing its meanings, impacts, and the associated economic theories and frameworks.
A situation characterized by an unusually large supply of a good, likely leading to a significant price reduction.
An exploration of gold and foreign exchange reserves, including their definitions, historical context, and significance in modern economics.
Definition and meaning of the gold exchange standard, its evolution, and comparative analysis with the gold standard.
The official par value in terms of gold of the currency of a country on the gold standard
The values of exchange rates under the gold standard at which it became profitable to ship gold from one country to another.
A comprehensive overview of the gold standard, its history, conceptual framework, and analytical implications in economics.
A conceptual framework in economic theory for the relationship between the capital–labour ratio and population growth rate aimed at maximizing consumption per capita.
A test for heteroscedasticity applicable when observations can be ordered according to non-decreasing variance.
Measures of adequacy of the estimated regression model, such as the coefficient of determination and the information criterion.
The central planning agency of the former Soviet Union responsible for creating and auditing economic plans.
An in-depth examination of government debt, its definitions, implications, and analytical frameworks.
An exploration of government transfer payments: their definitions, framework, and impacts
A comprehensive overview and analysis of the term 'government,' encompassing various forms and levels within different economic contexts.
Theory explaining contact between different locations using an inverse square law, applied in contexts such as consumer behavior and international trade.
A notional unit of currency introduced as part of the European Community’s Common Agricultural Policy to stabilize farm product prices amid fluctuating exchange rates.
A comprehensive exploration of Gross Domestic Capital Formation, its definitions, methodologies, and relevance in economics.
The component of domestic gross investment that includes durable goods, excluding stocks and work in progress.
An overview of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), detailing its definition, historical context, and various analytical frameworks.
Comprehensive overview and analysis of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), its definitions, frameworks, and implications in economics.
Total expenditure on fixed investment before accounting for depreciation.
A comprehensive measure of national economic activity representing the total market value of final goods and services produced by the residents of a country during a specific period.
Gross National Product (GNP) measures the market value of all final goods and services produced by the residents of a country in a given period, including income earned abroad.
Understanding the concept of gross profit in economics and its significance in financial analysis
The profit of a company before deducting depreciation allowances, taxation, or debt interest.
Definition and understanding of the term 'grossing up,' mainly in the context of tax calculations where income is received net of tax.
A method used to determine the contribution of each factor of production to the growth of output.
The process of repeated shifts between periods of high growth rates and periods of low growth rates
An economic framework used to understand the factors contributing to economic growth over a period of time.
A comprehensive overview of the concept of 'Guarantee' in economics, including its meanings, contexts, and applications.
Proposal for a European Currency Unit (Ecu) that would have been non-devaluative, with implications for investment and foreign exchange reserves
