Accounting

Auditor
A detailed exploration of the -auditor-: a person or accountancy firm employed to check the accounts of a company, private trader, or association.
Contingent Liability
A liability that will only arise under certain specific circumstances.
Write-Down
A reduction in the recorded value of an asset when its fair market value has significantly dropped below its carrying amount.
Current Liabilities
Definition and analysis of current liabilities, their significance, and applications in economic contexts
Work in Progress
The term Work in Progress refers to materials and partially finished products that are at various stages of the production process.
Accounting Period
The period of time, normally a year, to which a set of company accounts refers.
Accounts
A comprehensive explanation of accounts and accountability within environmental economics.
Accounts Payable
An entry describing the concept of Accounts Payable, its meaning, and relevance in economics.
Appropriation Account
An account detailing the allocation of total available funds within an organization.
Audit
The process of examining and verifying a company's financial records to ensure accuracy, compliance, and consistency with established standards.
Bad Debt Provision
The estimation recorded in the accounts by a creditor reflecting the anticipated write-offs of bad debts.
Below-the-Line
Items following but not part of the profit-and-loss accounts of firms or the income sections of national income accounts.
Big Four
A term used to describe either the four largest UK 'high street' banks or the four largest accounting firms.
Book Value
An overview of the term 'Book Value' in economics, its implications, and applications in business finance
Bottom Line
The profit or loss on an activity, typically shown at the foot of financial statements.
Capital Expenditure
A comprehensive exploration of capital expenditure in economics, including its definition, historical context, and various analytical frameworks.
Capital Reserves
The part of a company's net assets that exceed the share capital contributed by shareholders, typically arising from various sources and generally retained rather than distributed as dividends.
Cost Accounting
An overview and analysis of the discipline of cost accounting, which focuses on the measurement and assessment of economic activities' costs.
Creative Accounting
A practice of using alternative, usually permitted, methods to manipulate accounting figures to present desired financial outcomes.
Creditors
The balance-sheet item showing debts owing to others, divided between payments due in under a year and other debts.
Current Assets
Definition and analysis of current assets, frequently turned over in business operations and distinguished from fixed assets.
Debtors
An overview of debtors, their composition, and their accounting classification.
Decreasing Balance Depreciation
Accounting method for the depreciation of assets with a fixed annual percentage reduction
Double Entry Bookkeeping
The system of keeping accounts in which every payment appears twice in different accounts to ensure accuracy and consistency, once as a credit and once as a debit.
Gross Profit
Understanding the concept of gross profit in economics and its significance in financial analysis
Gross Trading Profit
The profit of a company before deducting depreciation allowances, taxation, or debt interest.
Historical Cost
An exploration of the term 'historical cost' in economics, detailing its definition, implications, and significance within various economic frameworks.
Inflation Accounting
An overview of the concept, significance, and challenges of inflation accounting in economic theory and practice.
International Accounting Standards Board
An independent body responsible for developing the International Financial Reporting Standards.
Last-in, First-out (LIFO)
An accounting method for inventory management focusing on the order of stock withdrawal.
Profit-and-Loss Account
An account of an organization’s receipts and spending over a period, providing insights into profits and losses.
Reducing Balance Depreciation
The method of depreciating fixed assets by applying a constant percentage to their remaining value each year.
Replacement Cost
The method of valuing assets and calculating depreciation allowances using the costs of replacing buildings and equipment.
Straight-line Depreciation
A method of accounting for depreciation of an asset by evenly distributing its cost over its assumed useful life.
True and Fair View
The principle that financial accounts should provide a correct and honest impression of the financial state of a company.
Write-off
A reduction in the value assigned to a transaction in the accounts to zero, as well as the status of an asset severely depreciated due to an accident.