# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Before-tax Income
The income of an individual or company before deduction of direct taxes.
Beggar-my-neighbour Policy
A policy that aims to benefit one country at the expense of others by mitigating economic issues internally, often worsening the issues for trading partners.
Behavioral Economics
A comprehensive guide to understanding behavioral economics and its implications in the field of economics.
behavioural economics
A comprehensive guide to understanding behavioral economics and its implications in the field of economics.
Behavioural Economics
A field of economics that studies the effects of psychological, cognitive, emotional, cultural, and social factors on the economic decisions of individuals and institutions.
Behavioural Insights Team
An overview of the Behavioural Insights Team (BIT), also known as the Nudge Unit, its inception, purpose, and contributions to public policy.
Below-the-Line
Items following but not part of the profit-and-loss accounts of firms or the income sections of national income accounts.
Benefit Principle
The principle that the cost of public expenditures should be met by those who benefit from them.
Benefits in Kind
The concept and implications of government provision of goods and services directly to citizens instead of monetary benefits.
Benefits System
An overview of the benefits system, its purpose, various forms, and the economic implications.
Benelux
A customs union of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg