Benefits in Kind
The concept and implications of government provision of goods and services directly to citizens instead of monetary benefits.
Benefits System
An overview of the benefits system, its purpose, various forms, and the economic implications.
Benelux
A customs union of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg
Bertrand Competition
An overview of Bertrand competition, focusing on its definition, historical context, and analytical frameworks.
Beta Coefficient
Definition and meaning of the Beta Coefficient in economics and finance.
Beta Stocks
Shares in the second rank for frequency of trading on a stock exchange
between-groups estimator
An estimator of the parameters in a linear regression model with panel data, using the time averages of the data for each cross-section unit.
Bid–Ask Spread
Definition and meaning of bid–ask spread in financial markets, detailing its significance and implications.
Big Bang
Definition and meaning of the economic term 'Big Bang,' emphasizing the argument for rapid reforms.
Big Four
A term used to describe either the four largest UK 'high street' banks or the four largest accounting firms.